Products are often inside the cells. Although cell disruption is a unit operation peculiar to biochemical engineering, the equipment may be borrowed from other industries. Colloid mills and shear devices used for manufacturing paint and other products effectively rupture the walls of many types of cells. On a small scale, ultrasonic energy is commonly used for cell disintegration but is impractical for large batches. Grinding with sand or beads, high pressure pumping through a tiny orifice, freezing and thawing, desiccation, adding lytic enzymes, inducing autolysis with a chemical such as chloroform, and various means of creating shear are alternative or synergistic means of rupturing cells.